Alexander's Campaign
When Alexander III inherited the throne of the Kingdom of Macedon upon the assassination of his father Philip II of Macedon there were already plans underway to begin a military incursion to first conquer the rest of Hellenistic Greece and then mount a resistance against the Achaemenid Empire. The Persians had previously made many attempts to subjugate the city-states of Greece through force, mostly famously in the Greco-Persian Wars.
Alexander began first on the Balkan Campaign which was successful in bringing the rest of Greece under Macedonian control. Following this he would begin his highly successful and famous Persian Campaign where he faced off against the leader of the Persian Empire named Darius III. After several early victories at the Battle of the Granicus, the Battle of Issus and the Siege of Tyre he would strike a mighty blow against the Persian Empire who long thought itself only capable of expanding and advancing further into Europe.
Following the Battle of Guagemela and adventures to mystical places such as the Siwa Oasis and Babylon Alexander would be victorious over the Persian army for good.
After finding Darius III killed by his own men he would go on to inherit the title of King of Asia and then begin on another even more arduous task to reconquer all of the Achaemenid satrapies in what became known as the Indian Campaign. Here after exploring and fighting in areas no Greek had ever seen like the Hindu Kush he would eventually be wounded following the extremely costly Battle of the Hydaspes and chose to end his campaign and return to Babylon.
Wars of the Diadochi
Upon the sudden and unexpected death of Alexander the Great in the city of Babylon the massive empire that he conquered spanned from Greece to Egypt all the way to Indus Valley which was roughly the size of the Achaemenid Empire that he had conquered. Due to his enigmatic nature his military advisors and close friends had no idea how to maintain success and as characteristic of ancient history, it got bloody and ruthless very quickly.
- Lamian War
- First War of the Diadochi
- Second War of the Diadochi
- Third War of the Diadochi
- Fourth War of the Diadochi
- Babylonian War
- Syrian Wars
The ensuing wars became known as the Wars of the Diadochi and saw the establishment of several Hellenistic Kingdoms that all began to war and fight amongst each other which eventually allowed for an easy takeover under the famous Cleopatra VII by the Roman Republic under the command of Julius Caesar, an act which would seal the fate for the republic and bring about the Roman Empire under the leadership of Octavius.
The Diadochi Hellenistic Kingdoms
Four major Hellenistic Kingdoms emerged in the aftermath of Alexander the Great's untimely death. In the Kingdom of Macedon there was much conflict over the successor to Alexander which led some of his former generals who were placed in charge of various Achaemenid satrapies to declare independence and establish their own sovereignty. This led to many conflicts which resulted in the murder of all Alexander's heirs and eventually the collapse of the Argead Dynasty of Macedon.
Hellenistic Cultures
- Acarnanian League
- Achaea Phthiotis
- Achaean League
- Achaemenid Empire
- Aeternae
- Aetolian League
- Agalassoi
- Agrianes
- Alans
- Alexander And Carthage
- Alexander And Rome
- Antigonid Macedonia
- Antipatrid Macedonia
- Aram
- Asian Cultures
- Assacani
- Athamanians
- Bastarnae
- Boeotia
- Carthaginian Empire
- Carthaginian Iberia
- Celtiberians
- Celts
- Chrysaor
- Chrysaorian League
- Cimmeria
- Coele Syria
- Corinthian League
- Cossaei
- Cultural Diffusion
- Cyprus
- Cyrenaica
- Dardani
- Dayuan
- Diadochi States
- Edom
- Elymais
- Epirote League
- Getae
- Greco Bactrian Kingdom
- Gupta Empire
- Han Empire
- Hasmonean Kingdom
- Hellenic League
- Hellenism
- Hellenistic Anatolia
- Hellenistic Asia
- Hellenistic Decline
- Hellenistic Europe
- Hellenistic Greece
- Hellenistic India
- Hellenistic Kingdoms
- Hellenistic Mediterranean
- Hellenistic Mesopotamia
- Hellenistic Near East
- Hellenistic Period
- Hellenistic Place Naming
- Hindush
- Iberians
- Illyria
- Illyrians
- Indian Empires
- Indo Greek Kingdom
- Indo Parthian Kingdom
- Indo Scythians
- Iron Age
- Jews Of Libya
- Jews
- Kambojas
- Kingdom Of Armenia
- Kingdom Of Bithynia
- Kingdom Of Commagene
- Kingdom Of Epirus
- Kingdom Of Kush
- Kingdom Of Macedon Expansion
- Kingdom Of Macedon
- Kingdom Of Mauretania
- Kingdom Of Numidia
- Kingdom Of Osroene
- Kingdom Of Pergamon
- Kingdom Of Persis
- Kingdom Of Pontus
- Kingdom Of Sophene
- Kingdom Of The Cimmerian Bosporus
- Kingdom Of Tylis
- Kushan Empire
- League Of Corinth
- League Of The Islanders
- Lycaonia
- Lysimachian Empire
- Maccabees
- Maeotians
- Malians
- Masaesyli
- Massagetae
- Massylii
- Maurya Empire
- Molossians
- Musikas
- Nabataean Kingdom
- Nesiotic League
- Nubia
- Nuristanis
- Odrysian Kingdom
- Oreitans
- Orestis
- Paeonia
- Paropamisadae
- Parthian Empire
- Phryni
- Ptolemaic Culture
- Ptolemaic Kingdom
- Roman Empire
- Roman Republic
- Sapaean Kingdom
- Scythia
- Seleucid Empire
- Seleucid Legacy
- Serica
- Sunga Empire
- Thessaly
- Thrace
- Triballians
- Uxians
- Yuezhi
Settlements
- Abila
- Adramyttion
- Ahsiket
- Akanthos
- Aleppo
- Alexandria Ad Issum
- Alexandria Arachosia
- Alexandria Ariana
- Alexandria Asiana
- Alexandria Bucephalous
- Alexandria By The Latmus
- Alexandria Eschate
- Alexandria In Carmania
- Alexandria In Egypt
- Alexandria In Makarene
- Alexandria In Margiana
- Alexandria In Opiana
- Alexandria In Orietai
- Alexandria In Susiana
- Alexandria Near Issus
- Alexandria Niceae
- Alexandria On The Caucasus
- Alexandria On The Hyphasis
- Alexandria On The Indus
- Alexandria On The Oxus
- Alexandria Prophthasia
- Alexandria Rhambacia
- Alexandria Tarmita
- Alexandria Troas
- Alexandria
- Alexandrian Settlements
- Alexandrupolis
- Alinda
- Amaseia
- Amorium
- Amphipolis
- Amyzon
- Anatolian Settlements
- Ancoz
- Anthemusias
- Antigonia Chaonia
- Antigonia In Paeonia
- Antigonia In Syria
- Antigonia Psaphara
- Antigonid Settlements
- Antioch Epidaphne
- Antioch Of Hippos
- Antioch Of Pisidia
- Antioch On The Golden River
- Antioch On The Maeander
- Antioch On The Orontes
- Antioch
- Antiochia Ad Cragum
- Antiochia Ad Pyramum
- Antiochia Ad Taurum
- Antiochia In Cilicia
- Antiochia In Lydia
- Antiochia In Mesopotamia
- Antiochia In Scythia
- Antiochia In Sittacene
- Antiochia In Susiana
- Antiochia Lamotis
- Antiochia Mygdonia
- Antiochia Of Chosroes
- Antiochia Of The Chrysaorians
- Antiochia On The Callirhoe
- Antiochia On The Cydnus
- Antiochia On The Taurus
- Antiochia Paraliou
- Antipatrid Settlements
- Apamea Cibotus
- Apamea In Babylonia
- Apamea In Media
- Apamea In Sittacene
- Apamea In Syria
- Apamea Myrlea
- Apamea On The Euphrates
- Apamea Ragiana
- Apollonia
- Arbela
- Aretas IV Philopatris
- Arg E Bam
- Argead Settlements
- Argos
- Arigaeum
- Arsameia
- Arsamosata
- Arsinoe Epidires
- Arsinoe In Cilicia
- Arsinoe In Crete
- Arsinoe In Northwest Cyprus
- Arsinoe In Southwest Cyprus
- Arsinoites
- Artemita In Apolloniatis
- Ashkelon
- Asian Settlements
- Astacus In Bithynia
- Aswan
- Asyut
- Athens
- Attalea
- Attalid Settlements
- Ay Khanum
- Baalbek
- Babylon
- Bactra
- Bactrian Settlements
- Balasagun
- Barbarikon
- Bellegrada
- Berenice Epideires
- Berenice Panchrysos
- Berenice Troglodytica
- Berenike
- Birtha
- Bithynian Settlements
- Blaundos
- Bolbitine
- Borsippa
- Buto
- Byblos
- Byzantium
- Canopus
- Carian Settlements
- Carthage
- Cassandreia
- Cebrene
- Chalcedon
- Cius
- Corinth
- Corycus
- Ctesiphon
- Cyrene
- Cyropolis
- Cyrrhus
- Cyzicus
- Dalverzin Tepe
- Damascus
- Daphne
- Dascylium
- Dathema
- Decapolis
- Delos
- Delphi
- Demetriapolis
- Demetrias In Assyria
- Demetrias
- Diadochoupolis
- Dion
- Docimium
- Dumatha
- Ecbatana
- Edessa
- Egyptian Settlements
- Ekron
- Elaea Lebanon
- Elaea
- Emirzeli
- Ephesus
- Epirote Settlements
- Eshnunna
- Eucratideia
- European Settlements
- Gabai
- Gamla
- Gath
- Gaza
- Gazoros
- Gerrha
- Giza
- Gordium
- Greek Settlements
- Halicarnassus
- Harran
- Hegra
- Hekatompylos
- Heliopolis
- Hellenistic Colonies
- Hellenopolis
- Heraclea Lyncestis
- Heraclea Pontica
- Heraclea Sintica
- Heraclea
- Hierapolis
- Ikaros
- Indian Settlements
- Indo Greek Settlements
- Issus
- Jerusalem
- Kale Krsevica
- Kalindoia
- Kandyba
- Knidos
- Komopolis
- Konope
- Kos
- Lagina
- Lamia
- Lampsacus
- Laodicea Ad Libanum
- Laodicea Combusta
- Laodicea Pontica
- Laodicea
- Laodiceia
- Leuke Kome
- Lysimachia
- Lysimachian Settlements
- Macedonian Settlements
- Magnesia Ad Sipylum
- Maracanda
- Marathon
- Mathura
- Mediterranean Settlements
- Megara Hyblaea
- Megara
- Memphis
- Merv
- Mesopotamian Settlements
- Metropolis
- Milas
- Miletus
- Myos Hormos
- Myra
- Mysomakedones
- Negotino
- Nicaea And Bucephala
- Nicaea
- Niya
- Nysa On The Maeander
- Olympia
- Olympos
- Olynthus
- Ouranoupoli
- Palmyra
- Paneas
- Paroecopolis
- Pasargadae
- Patala
- Pataliputra
- Pelium
- Pella
- Pelusium
- Pentapolis
- Pergamon
- Perseis
- Persepolis
- Persian Settlements
- Petra
- Peucela
- Phasaelis
- Phaselis
- Phila
- Philadelphia
- Philippopolis
- Phoenician Settlements
- Phthiotic Thebes
- Plataea
- Prophthasia In Drangiana
- Prusa
- Pteria
- Ptolemaic Settlements
- Ptolemais Hermiou
- Ptolemais Theron
- Ptolemais
- Pythion
- Qalatga Darband
- Raphia
- Rhacotis
- Rhambacia
- Rhinocorura
- Rhodes
- Rome
- Sagala
- Sagalassos
- Saketa
- Saksanokhur
- Samosata
- Sardis
- Seleucia Ad Belum
- Seleucia At The Zeugma
- Seleucia In Sittacene
- Seleucia On The Calycadnus
- Seleucia On The Hedyphon
- Seleucia On Tigris
- Seleucia Pamphylia
- Seleucia Pieria
- Seleucia Samulias
- Seleucia Sidera
- Seleucia
- Seleucid Settlements
- Serraepolis
- Sialkot
- Side
- Sidon
- Sirkap
- Siwa Oasis
- Smyrna
- Soli
- Sparta
- Stratonicea In Caria
- Stratonicea In Lydia
- Stratonicea
- Sulusaray
- Susa
- Syracuse
- Syrian Tetropolis
- Taposiris Magna
- Tarsus
- Taxila
- Tel Anafa
- Termessos
- Thapsacus
- Tharros
- Thebes Egypt
- Thebes Greece
- Therma
- Thermos
- Thessaloniki
- Thmuis
- Troy
- Tyre
- Uranopolis
- Xanthos
- Yerevan
- Zeugma