Settlements > Alexandria on the Indus

Alexandria on the Indus

Background

Alexander on the Indus is located at the junction of the Indus and the Acesines. Alexandria on the Indus ( Greek: Ἀλεξάνδρεια η εν Ἰνδός, Modern name: Uch, Pakistan) was a city founded by Alexander the Great at the junction of the Indus and the Acesines river. Diodorus tells us that 10,000 colonists, mainly Thracian veterans and natives were settled there. The satrap of the west bank of the Indus, Philip, son of Machatas, was put in charge of building the city:

"He (Alexander) ordered him (Philip) to found a city there, just at the meeting of the two rivers, as he expected it would be great and famous in the world, and dockyards to be built." Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander, VI.15.3. Today the remains of the Greek town are thought to be inside the citadel mound, although significant damage to the mound resulted from a shift in the river. A UNESCO listing applies to the site.

Alexandria on the Indus (also known as Alexandria in the Caucasus)

Introduction

Alexandria on the Indus was one of the many cities founded by Alexander the Great during his campaign in the Indian subcontinent. This city was strategically located near the modern-day city of Uch, in Pakistan, close to the confluence of the Indus and Acesines (Jhelum) rivers.

Historical Context

• Foundation: The city was founded in 325 BCE as part of Alexander's broader strategy to secure and administer his new territories in the east. Its establishment followed Alexander's victory at the Battle of the Hydaspes and his subsequent march towards the Indus River.
• Strategic Importance: The location was chosen for its strategic significance, serving as a vital administrative and military base for controlling the surrounding region and ensuring the security of supply lines and communication routes.

City Structure and Features

• Urban Planning: The city was designed according to the principles of Greek urban planning, with a grid pattern of streets, a central agora (marketplace), and other typical Greek civic and military buildings.
• Military Presence: As a military outpost, Alexandria on the Indus was fortified with walls and housed a significant garrison of Macedonian and local troops. This helped maintain order and protect the region from internal and external threats.

Cultural Integration

• Hellenistic Influence: The establishment of the city facilitated the spread of Hellenistic culture in the region. Greek art, architecture, and administrative practices were introduced, influencing local customs and traditions.
• Local Adaptation: While the city brought Greek cultural elements, it also adapted to local conditions and incorporated aspects of Indian culture, creating a unique blend of influences.

Decline and Legacy

• Post-Alexander Period: After Alexander's death, the city's significance declined as his empire fragmented. However, it remained an important regional center for several centuries, reflecting the enduring impact of Alexander's conquests.
• Archaeological Evidence: Modern archaeological efforts have uncovered remnants of the city's layout and infrastructure, providing insights into its historical role and cultural significance.

Conclusion

Alexandria on the Indus exemplifies Alexander the Great's vision of a unified and culturally integrated empire. Its strategic location, military significance, and role in cultural integration highlight the multifaceted approach Alexander employed to secure and administer his vast conquests.

Sources

Arrian, Anabsis of Alexander VI 15 2

Marcus Junianus Justinus, Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus Book XII:10

Alexander the Great: the towns