Settlements > Alexandria Troas
Alexandria Troas
Background
Alexandria Troas ("Alexandria of the Troad"; Greek: Αλεξάνδρεια Τρωάς; Turkish: Eski Stambul) is the site of an ancient Greek city situated on the Aegean Sea near the northern tip of Turkey's western coast, a little south of Tenedos (modern Bozcaada). It is located southeast of modern Dalyan, a village in the Ezine district of Çanakkale Province.
The site sprawls over an estimated 400 hectares (990 acres); among the few structures remaining today are a ruined bath, an odeon, a theatre, gymnasium complex and a recently uncovered stadion. The circuit of the old walls can still be traced. Alexandria Troas, modern Dalyanköy in Turkey, was almost certainly founded in 306 BC by Antigonus Monophthalmus, who forced the population of at least six villages, together with the island of Tenedos, to settle in a new city that had until then been called Sigia. Its original name was Antigonia, but it was rebaptized and adorned by Lysimachus after the Battle of Ipsus (301). It measured about 2500x1700 meters and was one of the most successful foundations of the early Hellenistic period, and belonged to the Seleucid Empire after the Battle of Corupedium (281).
When the Romans had defeated the Seleucid king Antiochus III the Great in the Syrian War, Alexandria Troas was declared "free and autonomous" (188). After all, it was very close to Troy, the town that was believed to have been the mother-city of Rome. It became wealthier, as is indicated by the building of the temple of Apollo Smintheus. (A dedication mentions a Quintilia who acted as prophetes.) More favors were to come. Julius Caesar gave Alexandria the privileges of a colonia. Under Augustus, it kept the right to strike its own coins. The apostle Paul visited the town.
Some of the notable structures and artifacts include:
- A lion from Alexandria in the Troad.
- Basilica
- Baths of Herodes Atticus
- Dedication to Quintilia (AE 2008, 1339)
- Detail of a sarcophagus
Constantine I the Great toyed with the idea to make this city the new capital of the Roman empire, before eventually preferring Byzantium, which became known as Constantinople and eclipsed Alexandria Troas. The city went into decline. Today, there are many ruins, which include an aqueduct, a basilica, a bathhouse (built by Herodes Atticus), temples, a theater, an odeon, and city walls.
Alexandria Troas
Historical Background
- Foundation: Alexandria Troas, originally named Antigonia Troas, was founded around 306 BC by Antigonus I Monophthalmus, one of Alexander the Great's generals. It was later renamed Alexandria Troas by Lysimachus, another of Alexander's successors.
- Location: The city was strategically located on the Aegean Sea, near the modern Turkish town of Dalyan, in the province of Çanakkale.
Development and Significance
- Urban Growth: Under the Seleucid Empire, Alexandria Troas developed into a major trade and maritime center. The city's harbor played a crucial role in facilitating trade between the Aegean and the interior regions of Asia Minor.
- Roman Era: Alexandria Troas flourished during the Roman period. It was granted the status of a Roman colony by Augustus in 12 BC and became one of the key cities in the province of Asia. The city's strategic importance continued as it served as a staging point for Roman military campaigns in the eastern provinces.
- Visits by Historical Figures: The city was visited by notable figures such as the Apostle Paul, who sailed from its harbor during his missionary journeys.
Architectural Features
- Public Buildings: Alexandria Troas boasted several significant public buildings, including a large theater, a gymnasium, a bath complex, and a basilica. These structures reflected the city's wealth and importance.
- Harbor: The harbor of Alexandria Troas was one of its most critical features, enabling it to become a hub of maritime trade. The harbor's remnants indicate advanced engineering techniques used to construct and maintain it.
Cultural and Economic Impact
- Trade Hub: The city's strategic location on the Aegean coast made it a vital link in the trade networks connecting the Mediterranean with Asia Minor. Goods from the interior were exported through its harbor, and imports flowed in from across the Mediterranean.
- Cultural Center: Alexandria Troas was also a cultural center, blending Greek and Roman influences. The city's architectural and artistic achievements showcased this cultural synthesis.
Decline and Legacy
- Late Antiquity: The city began to decline in late antiquity, partly due to the shifting political and economic landscape of the Roman Empire. The silting up of its harbor also contributed to its decline as a major maritime center.
- Archaeological Excavations: Modern archaeological efforts have uncovered many of Alexandria Troas's historical and architectural remains, providing insights into its significance during antiquity. Excavations continue to reveal new information about its urban layout and daily life.
Conclusion
Alexandria Troas stands as a testament to the urban and economic dynamism of ancient cities in Asia Minor. Its strategic location, significant public buildings, and role as a trade hub highlight its importance in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The city's legacy continues to be explored through ongoing archaeological research, shedding light on its historical impact and cultural achievements.
