People > Langarus

Langarus

Background

Langarus, a historical figure from the 4th century BC, was the king of the Agrianians, a tribe situated in the region of modern-day North Macedonia and southern Serbia. He is noted for his alliance and support of Alexander the Great during a critical period in Alexander's early reign. Here is a detailed account of Langarus's life and contributions:

Early Relations with Alexander the Great

• Contemporary of Alexander: Langarus established a favorable relationship with Alexander even before Alexander ascended to the throne, during the reign of Philip II, Alexander's father.
• Support Against the Illyrians: Shortly after Alexander became king in 336 BC, he faced numerous threats, including from the Illyrians and the Taulantians. During Alexander's campaign against these tribes, the Autariatae were planning an attack on Alexander's forces.
• Preemptive Strike: Langarus played a crucial role by invading the territory of the Autariatae, effectively preventing them from attacking Alexander. This strategic move demonstrated his military capability and solidified his alliance with the Macedonian king.

Honors and Promises from Alexander

• Recognition and Reward: In gratitude for his services, Alexander honored Langarus with the highest distinctions. This included significant public recognition and promises of further rewards.
• Marriage Proposal: As a mark of his esteem and to further strengthen their alliance, Alexander promised Langarus the hand of his half-sister, Cynane, in marriage. Cynane was known for her own military prowess and was the daughter of Philip II and Audata, an Illyrian princess.

Untimely Death

• Death and Aftermath: Unfortunately, Langarus's promising future was cut short by his untimely death shortly after he returned to his kingdom. His death prevented the marriage alliance with Cynane and ended what could have been a continued strong partnership with Alexander.

Legacy

• Strategic Importance: Langarus's intervention against the Autariatae was significant in securing Alexander's northern borders and ensuring the stability needed for his subsequent campaigns.
• Recognition in History: Although Langarus's life was brief, his decisive actions during a critical time in Alexander's early reign earned him a place in history as a key ally and supporter of one of the greatest military leaders of the ancient world.

Langarus's alliance with Alexander the Great highlights the importance of strategic alliances and the role of regional leaders in supporting broader campaigns. His actions had a lasting impact on the early successes of Alexander's reign, demonstrating the crucial role that local allies played in the expansion of the Macedonian Empire.

Sources

Smith, William (editor); Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, "Langarus", Boston, (1867).

Arrian, Anabasis Alexandri, i. 5

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