People > Cleopatra III

Cleopatra III

Background

Cleopatra IIICleopatra-III-at-Kom-Ombo.jpgPharaohRoyal titulary [show]ConsortPtolemy VIII of Egypt (uncle and step-father)FatherPtolemy VI of EgyptMotherCleopatra II of EgyptBornc. 160 – 155 BCDied101 BCCleopatra III (Greek: Κλεοπάτρα; 161–101 BC) was a queen of Egypt 142–101 BC.Cleopatra III was also known as Cleopatra Euergetis while associated with her husband Ptolemy VIII or her son Ptolemy X. She is attested as Cleopatra Philometor Soteira while associated with her eldest son Ptolemy IX. According to Strabo she was sometimes known as Cleopatra Kokke when discussed in relation to her son Ptolemy X.[1]Contents [hide]1Younger years2Joint rule with her mother and husband3Joint rule with her sons4References5SourcesYounger years[edit]Cleopatra III’s uncle Ptolemy VIII of Egypt ruled together with her parents from ca 170 to 164 BC at which point he expelled Cleopatra II and Ptolemy VI of Egypt. But he was soon forced to abdicate.[2] Cleopatra III’s parents retook the throne and remained in power for almost 20 years until 145 BC. It was during this time that Cleopatra III was born (sometime between 160 and 155 BC), a sister of Ptolemy Eupator, Cleopatra Thea and possibly Berenice.[3][4]After the death of her father Ptolemy VI from injuries sustained when falling from his horse during the battle of Oinoparas against Alexander Balas, Cleopatra III’s uncle Ptolemy VIII became the King of Egypt again.[3]Joint rule with her mother and husband[edit]Ptolemy VIII first married Cleopatra III’s mother Cleopatra II in 145 BC, and married Cleopatra III in c. 139 BC. Cleopatra II rebelled against Ptolemy VIII in c. 132 BC and Cleopatra III fled to Cyprus in 130 BC with her husband, but was able to return to Alexandria in 127 BC.[2]Cleopatra III and Ptolemy VIII had five children:[1][4]Ptolemy IX born c. 143 BCTryphaena born c. 141 BC. Married Antiochus VIII Grypus, king of Syria in 124 BCPtolemy X born c. 140 or 139 BC. Married his niece Berenice (daughter of Ptolemy IX and Cleopatra Selene I)Cleopatra IV born between 138 and 135 BC. Married first her brother Ptolemy IX and second Antiochus IX Cyzicenus, king of SyriaCleopatra Selene I born between 135 and 130 BC. Married first to her brother Ptolemy IX, and later to her brother Ptolemy X. Later married to Antiochus VIII Grypus, king of Syria, Antiochus IX Cyzicenus, king of Syria and Antiochus X Eusebes, king of SyriaWall relief of Cleopatra III, Cleopatra II and Ptolemy VIII before HorusIn c. 124 BC Cleopatra III and her husband were joined again by her mother Cleopatra II as a joint ruler.Joint rule with her sons[edit]After the death of Ptolemy VIII in 116 BC Cleopatra III ruled jointly with her mother Cleopatra II and her son Ptolemy IX.[2]Cleopatra III expelled Ptolemy IX from Alexandria in 107 BC and replaced him as co-regent with her second son Ptolemy X. After 6 years of joint rule Ptolemy X had his mother Cleopatra III murdered in 101 BC.[1]References[edit]^ Jump up to: a b c Cleopatra III by Chris Bennett^ Jump up to: a b c Ptolemy VIII by Chris Bennett^ Jump up to: a b Ptolemy VI by Chris Bennett^ Jump up to: a b Aidan Dodson, Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2004Cleopatra III of EgyptPtolemaic dynastyBorn: ca. 160 – 155 BC Died: 101 BCRegnal titlesPreceded byPtolemy VIII and Cleopatra IIQueen of Egypt142 BC-131 BCwith Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra IISucceeded byCleopatra IIPreceded byCleopatra IIQueen of Egypt127 BC-101 BCwith Ptolemy VIII, Cleopatra II, Ptolemy IX and Ptolemy XSucceeded byPtolemy X and Berenice IIISources[edit]Roth, Lea. (2007). Cleopatra°. Encyclopaedia Judaica. Ed. Michael Berenbaum and Fred Skolnik. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA. p. 754.

Ptolemaic Dynasty of Egypt

King	Title	Meaning	Reign	Wife/Co-Ruler	Reign
Ptolemy I	Soter	Savior	305-285 BCE	Berenice I	Reign
Ptolemy II	Philadelphus	Sister-loving	285-246 BCE	Arsinoe I	Reign
Ptolemy III	Euergetes I	The Benefactor	246-221 BCE	Berenice II	Reign
Ptolemy IV	Philopater	Father-loving	221-204 BCE	Arsinoe III	Reign
Ptolemy V	Epiphanes	The Illustrious	204-180 BCE		Reign
Ptolemy VI	Philometor	Mother-loving	180-145 BCE	Cleopatra I Cleopatra II & Ptolemy VIII Ptolemy Eupator	180–176 BCE 170–163 BCE 153–150 BCE
Ptolemy VII	Neos Philopator	Father-loving	145 BCE	Cleopatra II	Reign
Ptolemy VIII	Euergetes II	The Benefactor	170–116 BCE	Cleopatra II	145–131/130 BCE
Cleopatra II			124–116 BCE
Ptolemy VIII	Euergetes II	The Benefactor	170–116 BCE	Cleopatra II	124–116 BCE
Ptolemy IX	Soter II	The Savior	116-107 BCE	Cleopatra III	107–101 BCE
Ptolemy X	Alexander I		107-88 BCE	Cleopatra III	107–101 BCE
Ptolemy IX	Soter II	The Savior	88-80 BCE
Ptolemy XI	Alexander II		80 BCE	Berenice III	80 BCE
Ptolemy XIII	Neos Dionysos/Auletes	New Dionysus/Flute Player	80–51 BCE	Berenice IV	58–55 BCE
Cleopatra VII			51-30 BCE		Reign
Ptolemy XIII Physcon	Dionysos		51-47 BCE		Reign
Ptolemy XIV	Philopator	Father-loving	47-44 BCE		Reign
Ptolemy XV	Caesarion	Little Caesar	44-30 BCE		Reign

Sources

Primary Sources

Secondary Sources